Inhoudstabel:

 

  • Key word index of cases 7
  • Explanatory note 11
  • Preface — Rita Annus, Chairperson of the Task Force on Access to Justice 13
  • Acknowledgements 15
  • Introduction - Stephen Stee 17
  • Part I: Specific Access to Justice Issues Under the Aarhus Convention 21
  • Chapter 1: Access to justice in cases involving access to environmental information
  • — Remo Savoia and Dmitry Skrylnikov 23
  • Failure to respond to an information request 23
  • Incomplete response 24
  • Challenges to claims of exemption 24
  • Chapter 2: Access to justice in cases involving public participation
  • in decision-making — Svitlana Kravchenko, Dmitry Skrylnikov and John E. Bonine 27
  • Judicial challenges to procedural illegality 27
  • Judicial challenges to substantive illegality 30
  • Chapter 3: The public's right to enforce environmental law — John E. Bonine 31
  • What can be reviewed? Contraventions of national law relating to
  • the environment 31
  • What can trigger the review procedure? Acts and omissions, private and public 31
  • Who can ask for the review? Standing 31
  • Chapter 4: Administrative, judicial and other means for access to justice — Remo Savoia 39
  • Administrative versus judicial appeal 39
  • Chapter 5: Administration of justice and due process — Marianna Bolshakova 43
  • Judicial independence 43
  • Corruption 43
  • Knowledge and capacity 44
  • Public support 44
  • Legal certainty 45
  • Right to counsel and presumption of innocence 45
  • Judicial consistency and use of precedent 45
  • Advisory opinions 45
  • Timeliness of procedures 46
  • Protection of persons exercising their rights 47
  • Further obstacles 47
  • H A N D B O O K ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE UNDER THE A A R H U S C O N V E N T I O N 3
  • T A B L E OF C O N T E N TS
  • Chapter 6: Remedies — Brian Rohan and David Jacobstein 49
  • -Powers of judges and administrators 49
  • Enforcement of judgements 50
  • Injunctions as a remedy under the Aarhus Convention 50
  • Damages 54
  • Chapter 7: Financial and other barriers - Lynn Sferrazza 55
  • Court fees 55
  • Costs of experts 55
  • Legal aid 56
  • Fee shifting 56
  • Aggregating small claims 58
  • Restrictions on NGOs 58
  • Taxation 58
  • Chapter 8: Strategie lawsuits against public participation — Jennifer Cleason 59
  • What are SLAPPs? 59
  • SLAPPs identified in case studies 59
  • Responding to SLAPPs - SLAPPbacks 59
  • Legislative responses to SLAPPs 60
  • Protecting public participation 60
  • Chapter 9: Conclusions and recommendations — Stephen Stee 61
  • Legal/administrative issues 61
  • Standing issues 62
  • Adequacy of remedies 62
  • Financial issues 62
  • Systemic and capacity issues 63
  • Preface, Explanatory note, Introduction and Part I: Endnotes 65
  • Part IS: Related Access to justice Issues 71
  • Chapter 1 : Rights and duties towards a healthy environment — Stephen Stee 73
  • The right to a healthy environment in Europe 73
  • Aarhus rights and procedures contributing to the right to a
  • healthy environment 75
  • Chapter 2: Environmental human rights protection in the European Court
  • of Human Rights — Andriy Andrusevych 77
  • Chapter 3: Access to justice on the international level: Citizen enforcement under the
  • North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation — Andriy Andrusevych 79
  • Part II Endnotes 81
  • 4 H A N D B O O K ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE UNDER THE A A R H U S C O N V E N T I ON
  • T A B L E OF CONTENTS
  • Part III: Case Studies 83
  • Case study methodology 85
  • Table of cases 87
  • Cases 91
  • Part I I I : Endnotes 215
  • Appendices 219
  • Appendix A: Report ofTallinn Workshop on Access to Justice in Environmental
  • Matters under the Aarhus Convention 221
  • Appendix B: Other Cases and Background Materials 229
  • Appendix C: Citizen Guides Related to Access to Justice 243
  • Appendix D: Important Contacts 245
  • Appendix E: Further Reading 251
  • About the Authors 255
  • H A N D B O O K ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE UNDER THE A A R H U S C O N V E N T I ON 5

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